Answer: invivo
A person has a genetic condition that affects his ability to produce melatonin, which is a hormone that is produced in the brain and tells the body it’s time to sleep. To correctly diagnose this disease, the doctor must collect cell samples invivo to analyze his DNA.
Explanation:
Invivo refers to the within the living organism. Since DNA is located inside the nucleus of brain cells, and it regulate gene expression; then the doctor must analyze the genetic information contained in the DNA of brain cells of the person having trouble with secreting melatonin ( the sleep/wake hormone), if any alteration has occurred.
Thus, based on the location of DNA, the doctor must collect cell samples invivo for analysis
Organic material.................
Chinese hamster ovary cell production of recombinant tissue‐type plasminogen activator (t‐PA) was increased by amplification of cotransfected dihydrofolate reeducates cDNA using stepwise adaptation to increasing methotrexate (MTX) concentrations. The highest producing clones were isolated at 5 μM MTX and yielded 26,000 U/106 cells/day t‐PA (43 μg/106 cells/day). Above 25 μM MTX, cell specific t‐PA production rates became increasingly variable and the cDNA copynumbers decreased. No apparent correlation between the cell specific t‐PA production rate and the growth rate was observed upon sub cloning of the amplified cells. When MTX selection was removed, the t‐PA production rate decreased up to tenfold within 40 days; this was accompanied by an up to 60% drop in cDNA copynumber. Subclones isolated after 108 days of culture in the absence of MTX were, on average, sixfold more stable than their parental cells. In culture without MTX, the maximum stable t‐PA production rate obtained (over 250 days) was 7000 ± 750 U/106cells/day (∼12 μg/106 cells/day), approximately threefold lower than the maximum unstable levels of production reached under selective pressure. Taken together, these results define a wide range of the highest t‐PA expression rates obtained under MTX selection, for which stable expression without selection has not been reported
Answer:
macroevolution
Evolution that occurs over a long period of time is called macroevolution. It might take place over millions of years. This scale of evolution occurs above the level of the species.