1933: New Deal / cooperative federalism / marble cake federalism cause a change in the makeup of the power balance between local, state and national goverment in the following way
Explanation:
- The United States moved from dual federalism to cooperative federalism in the 1930s. National programs would increase the size of the national government and may not be the most effective in local environments. Cooperative federalism does not apply to the Judicial branch of the government.
- Each level of government is dominant within its own sphere. ... Marble cake federalism – Conceives of federalism as a marble cake in which all levels of government are involved in a variety of issues and programs, rather than a layer cake, or dual federalism, with fixed divisions between layers or levels of government.
- As a theory, dual federalism holds that the federal and state governments both have power over individuals but that power is limited to separate and distinct spheres of authority, and each government is neither subordinate to nor liable to be deprived of its authority by the other.
- The first, dual federalism, holds that the federal government and the state governments are co-equals, each sovereign. In this theory, parts of the Constitution are interpreted very narrowly, such as the 10th Amendment, the Supremacy Clause, the Necessary and Proper Clause, and the Commerce Clause
- The advantages of this system are that it protects local areas and jurisdictions from the overreach of the federal government. The framers of the Constitution were afraid that the federal government would have too much power, and this system was a means of preventing that situation from developing.
- Historically, the definitive example of dual federalism is the United States. ... These states can check the federal government through judicial action. Europe, too, has a system of dual federalism, albeit set up with state traditions. The European Union (EU) is organized into a federalist government with limited powers.
Answer:
Incomplete question, however I infer you want to know more about the role of the federal government.
<u>Explanation</u>:
Remember, the federal government <u>has certain privileges which the other tiers of government (state, local) do not have,</u> such as;
1. It alone can decide policy on foreign trade.
2. it can decide on taxes.
3. It alone can decide to go to war with another nation.
4. It can make policy on government spending etc.
Slave status was traditionally assigned to people living in tribes who were very poor, they did not posses lands,. The most ancient civilizations had some form of slavery present in early days. It seemed that slavery was necessary to construct the New world because they helped sustain the coffee, tobacoo, sugar and most of the economy.
After World War II and throughout the Cold War, Europe was divided into two spheres of influence. On the one hand, most of Western Europe was aligned with the capitalist ideology of the United States. On the other hand, central and eastern Europe were aligned with the Soviet Union. This means that the wanted to implement a communist government in their country.
These areas were very different in terms of political and economic characteristics. The capitalists countries believed in the free market, and they supported an economy that was self-regulating. They also encouraged trade with other countries and were, for the most part, democratic states.
The Soviet countries usually had authoritarian governments. Moreover, they supported the idea of a command economy in which everything was regulated by the state.
I don't believe i see a clear answer, but Mesopotamian believed that the priest could speak with the gods that is why they had the authority. "If you do this the gods will be please" "If you don't a donations the gods will be angry" blah blah blah - Mesopotamian priests
