If a substance is very sour and has a ph of 4, then you would expect the litmus paper to turn into the shade of red. A substance that is sour and has a pH level that is below 7 would indicate that the substance is an acid or has acidic properties. For an acidic solution, the litmus would be red in color. If a blue litmus paper is used, then it would turn into red while if a red litmus paper is used, then it would remain as red. There is also a general type of litmus paper where the color change range from violet to red. A litmus is widely used in distinguishing acid and bases. It can be used in liquid solutions and in gas mixtures. <span />
Electric and mechanical energy
Answer:
The correct answer is D. The outermost layer of a virion fullfills both protection and recognition functions of the virus.
Explanation:
A virion is a single viral particle. In this form the virus is physically isolable but without metabolic activity. Many virions can even be crystallized.
A virion, infecting a single host cell, is capable of producing thousands of descendants using the mechanisms of DNA replication, transcription and translation of the infected cell. This viral multiplication is often sufficient to kill the host cell by breaking it (lysandola).
Nucleic acid gives infectious power to the virion. It is enclosed by a protein wrap called capsid which is always formed by a number of individual proteins, called structural subunits. These subunits, associating in a specific way, form larger complexes called capsomeres. The set of nucleic acid and proteins is called the nucleocapsid of the virus, which can be enclosed by a membrane called pericapside envelope. Viruses without this membrane are called naked. Virus membranes are made up of a lipid bilayer, often associated with virus-specific proteins. The main function of the envelope is to help the virus enter the host cell. The surface glycoprotein serves to identify and bind to the receptor points in the host membrane. The viral envelope is then fused with the cell membrane, allowing the capsid and the viral genome to enter.
A step further down the evolutionary scale is the virino and below it the viroid and the prion; higher up is the virus.
Attached is the experiment details. I found the exercise on the internet.
The pigments of the algae, according to the experiment, absorb the most strongly around the violet-blue and red parts of the spectrum and so photosynthesis is the most efficient when the algae are under such wave lengths. The results were that more oxygen-seeking bacteria gathered around the algae that were under such wave length because there were more production of oxygen.
If the pigments were now to absorb most strongly around the 500 nm to 560 nm, the bacteria would gather the most around the algae under such wavelegth (green light).
