It is believed that <u>mitochondria</u> and <u>chloroplasts</u> are known to be energy converting organelles. Some components of the cells carry the ability to work as small machines and are responsible for withdrawing energy from the chemical bonds found in the ultimate source of nourishment in all living cells called glucose.
The mode of particle transport which needs the input of energy from the cell is called active transport. Active transport, in cell biology, refers to the movement of the molecules through the membrane against the concentration gradient, which means from an area of lower concentration to an area with higher concentration.
Further Explanation:
The energy converting organelles of the eukaryotes is developed from the prokaryotes which were engulfed by the primitive eukaryotic cells. This evolved a symbiotic relationship between them. This explained the reason behind mitochondria and chloroplasts having their own DNA or deoxyribonucleic acid which encodes for certain proteins.
Energy processing in plants is fundamentally similar to that of animals and most fungi. The ultimate objective is to split down the glucose into smaller molecules and absorb the ATP or adenosine triphosphate molecules. Mitochondria are known to be the powerhouse of the cell as they are the sites for aerobic respiration.
Chloroplasts, on the other hand, stores the chlorophyll in tiny bags called thylakoids. In this process, the plants use light energy in order to produce ATP and NADPH which are known to be energy-carrying molecules and then produce glucose by using this energy.
Active transport is of two kinds,
- Primary active transport
- Secondary active transport
Primary active transport utilizes adenosine triphosphate while secondary one uses an electrochemical gradient. A typical example of active transport is the uptake of glucose in the intestines in human physiology.
The movement of the ions and other molecules through the membrane of the cell without any requirement of the energy input refers to passive transport. This process does not require any input of the cellular energy as it is driven by the ability of the system to develop in entropy. There are four types of such transport, namely, filtration, osmosis, facilitated diffusion and simple diffusion.
Learn more:
- Learn more about photosynthesis brainly.com/question/873199
- Learn more about plants brainly.com/question/862697
- Learn more about diffusion brainly.com/question/1386629
Answer details:
Grade: High school
Subject: Biology
Chapter: Plant physiology
Keywords:
Chloroplast, mitochondria, plant cell, animal cell, powerhouse, energy, ATP, simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, active transport, NADPH.
