They are composed of long chains of amino acids.
The building blocks of protein are amino acids. Amino acids are organic molecules made up an alpha (center) carbon atom which is linked to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom and a variable component known as a side chain.
Amino acids are joined to each other by peptide bonds to form either a short chain called an oligopeptide or a long chain called a polypeptide. These chains are what forms the protein.
Answer: Option C.
Tundra
Explanation:
Tundra is a biome that has low Precipitation. Precipitation is a form of water that fall from the atmosphere to the Earth surface. Which could be inform of snow, sleet e.t.c.
Tundra is the coldest of all types of biomes. It has low temperature, little precipitation,low nutrients. It is located near the north Pole of the Earth. It is characterized by permafrost, permanent frozen layer on its surface.
Answer:
Improving food storage facilities
The southern portion of the region has the highest rates of HIV/Aids.
I hope this helps.
The tree topology
The lengths of the branches
The branching order of the tree
Nucleotide substitution rate
These would not affect maximum likelihood estimates of phylogenies when comparing different tree hypotheses.
<h3>What is tree topology?</h3>
- A unique kind of structure called a tree topology has numerous connected parts arranged like the branches of a tree.
<h3>The lengths of the branches:</h3>
- Branch lengths are a sign of genetic divergence; the longer the branch, the more genetic divergence has taken place.
- Usually, we calculate the average number of nucleotide or protein substitutions per site to assess the degree of genetic alteration.
<h3>The branching order of the tree:</h3>
- The topology of a tree refers to its branching structure.
- Species (or higher taxa), populations, genes, and proteins are examples of taxonomic units that the nodes represent.
- A branch is referred to as an edge, and it represents an estimate of the length of time between the evolutionary relationships between taxonomic units.
<h3>What is nucleotide substitution rate?</h3>
- The instantaneous rate of change from each of the four nucleotides to each of the other four nucleotides is summarized in the nucleotide substitution rate matrix.
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