Basically, a citizen of the United States is any person who is in possession of the citizenship, which can be acquired by being born on the territory of the US or by being naturalized. The citizens, unlike other legal residents, can choose their representatives in elections.
I think it happened because president Hayes had a bad reputation at that time and the idea was, the congress should be stronger to "look at his hands".
After World War 2 Germany was dived into half. The western half was under American control and the Eastern half was under Russian control. Berlin lay in the Western half and was divided between Russia and America, meaning that East Berlin was an island of Russian controlled Germany surrounded by areas under American control. Russia was a communist country and people from East Berlin tried to flee to West Berlin and so the Berlin Wall was built to stop this.Until the east Germans were rescued by pink Floyd!
The Allies invaded the Mediterranean because they wanted to remove Italy from axis powers. Axis powers are nations that fought in the WW2 so they basically didn't want Italy to fight in the war.
The Eighth Amendment provides protections for those charged with and convicted of crimes. It reads: "Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted."
