Answer:
b. Phylogenetic speciation
Explanation:
Autapomorphies are molecular or morphological traits found in a unique taxon. An autapomorphy is not found in outgroup and therefore these traits are used to classify a group into a category (i.e., species, genera, family, etc)
I would go with 4 that's what makes the most sense to me, and i just learned about this last year so... I hope this helps good luck..
This is because Pangaea explains that once there was one huge country that expanded across the whole world, but it split apart and animals that were once next to each other were drifting apart to other parts of the world where both would survive on both sides.