A closed circulatory system is present in organisms with a circulating body fluid that is distinct from the fluid that directly surrounds the body's cells.
<h3>What is the circulatory system?</h3>
The circulatory system is an organs system that works to carry out blood cells to all cells in the body.
The circulatory system is fundamental for transporting oxygen and nutrients to all cells of the body.
A closed circulatory system is a special organ system where the blood cells are not circulating in body cavities.
Learn more about closed circulatory systems here:
brainly.com/question/989029
The correct answer is B !! Both are interdependent thus forming a mutualistic association !!
As both can not live without each other thus making obligate !!
so They share obligate mutual association !! Go with B !!
Answer: Protons contribute towards making ATP by producing proton-motive force that provides energy for ATP synthesis.
Explanation: In the respiratory chain, the transfer of electrons from one complex to another is accompanied by pumping of protons out of the matrix. This creates a difference in proton concentration and separation of charge across the mitochondrial inner membrane. The electrochemical energy inherent in this difference in proton concentration called proton-motive force is used to drive ATP synthesis as protons flow back passively into the matrix through a proton pore.
