The major advancement in mathematics in the Arab empires were algebra, there were also early forms of geometry, decimal place values and even fractions.
Advances in technology, industrialization and labor are the three areas that resulted in European countries establishing colonial empires. The correct options among all the options that are given in the question are the first, third and fourth option. Every European country wanted to establish their own colonies around the world.
Lack of formal declaration of war by congress
The correct answer is A. The empire had a carefully organized legal code and a well-trained army.
As Shiite Muslims, their legal code was derived directly from the Qur'an. It was strict and not tolerant.
