White examines the "middle ground" as both a place (the pays d'en haut of the Great Lakes region between 1650-1815) and a process of mutual accommodation between Algonquian-speaking Indians and French, British, and Americans. The middle ground consisted of creative misunderstandings in which Indians and Europeans attempted to build a set of mutually understandable practices. Several conditions are necessary for a middle ground process: a nonfunctioning or weak state authority, a relatively evenly-balanced distribution of power between peoples, the inability of one side to effectively use force over the other, and the need or desire to interact with one another (such as for trade goods). Both sides then try to engage in practices that the other side might find intelligible, such as European leaders consciously taking on the role of a patriarch that distributes gifts, mediates conflicts, and "covers" violent deaths. Indians, meanwhile, began participating in a market economy, compromised on legal punishments, and submitted to a limited degree to European oversight. The middle ground took place on both formal diplomatic levels (European powers budgeting for gift-giving) and the more everyday scale of individual interactions (sex and violence). People on both sides tried to justify their actions in terms of what they THOUGHT the other side's cultural framework to be (creative misunderstandings). Perhaps the best example is that of how they treated homicide, with both sides compromising - Europeans would sometimes cover the dead, while Indians would sometimes allow for individual perpetrators to be punished.
The narrative arc of The Middle Ground begins with a story of refugees, as Algonquian-speaking Indians flee northward from brutal warfare at the hands of the Iroquois during the 1640s-1660s. This places them in the orbit of French traders and missionaries and allow for the middle ground to flourish. The first half of the eighteenth century was a golden age for the middle ground, as Algonquians developed a relationship with Onontio (the title for a French governor) in which he was expected to act as a father in disbursing gifts and mediating conflicts. During this period the fur trade became deeply entangled with gift-giving, representing a hybrid form of exchange that was necessary for the system to function for both sides. During the 1740s and 1750s the French-Algonquian alliance began to weaken with increased competition from British. White drives home the point that in the pays d'en haut local, village politics were inseparable from imperial politics - instead of a hierarchical system of competing nation-states, the world of the middle ground took place between village alliances, intermarriages, and the decisions of specific chiefs that ended up reverberating across imperial politics.
<span>1. I know conflict took shape in the 1790s between America's first political parties.
2. </span><span> Also Hamilton, and the Republicans (also called Democratic-Republicans), led by Thomas Jefferson, were the first political parties in the Western world
3. Then </span>Thomas Jefferson, spoke primarily for agricultural interests and values.<span>
4. Also, </span>Hamilton's great aim was more efficient organization, whereas Jefferson once said, "I am not a friend to a very energetic government.<span>
5. And, finally </span><span>Jefferson, speaking for those who believed in states' rights, argued that the Constitution expressly enumerated all the powers belonging to the federal government and reserved all other powers to the states.</span>
Code Noir was set by the French to help them regulate slavery and punishment. The Code required people that were colonized to provide food every week to the French. However, in Haiti, it did not function well as the people could only provide water and potatoes to the French. Also, the fact that the average lifespan of the "slaves" in Haiti was just 7 years didn't help the cause.
Answer:
It is perhaps surprising to learn that the Roman Empire is only around the 28th largest in history. It punches above its weight in terms of influence. Its sheer physical size shouldn’t be underestimated, however. It grew to around 1.93 million square miles, containing about 21 per cent of the world’s population (by an estimate) at its greatest extent in the early second century.
Explanation:
The Missouri Compromise was an agreement made to keep the balance of slave and free states equal. Missouri was added as a slave state and Maine added as a free state in 1821.
