In the case of Plessi v. Ferguson (1896), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled on the doctrine of Division, but the equality of citizens and which for half a century delayed the process of obtaining black citizens of the United States equal with white civil rights. This decision gave the legal basis for racial segregation in the USA, forcing black Americans to study in schools only for blacks, to use special, reserved for them public places.
The first and most important point is that the Civil War was expensive. In 1860 the U.S. national debt was $65 million. To put that in perspective, the national debt in 1789, the year George Washington took office, was $77 million. In other words, from 1789 to 1860, the United States spanned the continent, fought two major wars, and began its industrial growth—all the while reducing its national debt.We had limited government, few federal expenses, and low taxes. In 1860, on the eve of war, almost all federal revenue derived from the tariff. We had no income tax, no estate tax, and no excise taxes. Even the hated whiskey tax was gone. We had seemingly fulfilled Thomas Jefferson’s vision: “What farmer, what mechanic, what laborer ever sees a tax-gatherer of the United States?”Four years of civil war changed all that forever. In 1865 the national debt stood at $2.7 billion. Just the annual interest on that debt was more than twice our entire national budget in 1860. In fact, that Civil War debt is almost twice what the federal government spent before 1860.What’s worse, Jefferson’s vision had become a nightmare. The United States had a progressive income tax, an estate tax, and excise taxes as well. The revenue department had greatly expanded, and tax-gatherers were a big part of the federal bureaucracy.
Furthermore, our currency was tainted. The Union government had issued more than $430 million in paper money (greenbacks) and demanded it be legal tender for all debts. No gold backed the notes.The military side of the Civil War ended when Generals Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee shook hands at Appomattox Court House. But the economic side of the war endured for generations. The change is seen in the annual budgets before and after the war. The 1860 federal budget was $63 million, but after the war, annual budgets regularly exceeded $300 million. Why the sharp increase?
After getting rid of the British,the leaders still thought it best to have a written document for the colonies to refer to.The articles of confederation was a weak version of the constitution.
If this isn't helpful I'm sorry its a little hard for me to explain
The main difference between being poor in America and Europe in the 19th century etc. was that America offered much more opportunities due to the fact that it was a nation that was being built up from the ground. This meant that poor people and people of low education could at least get various jobs in construction and related things whereas in Europe, the opportunities for such people were much smaller.
