1. If we cross YyLl (heterozygous parent with dominant traits) with yyll (homozygous parent with recessive traits)
P: YyLl x yyll
F1 generation: YyLl: 400 Yyll: 100 yyLl: 100 yyll: 400
Recombinant offspring are those children whose genes contain a non-parental allele combination (neither allele group is directly inherited from either parent). This happens when genes are located on the same chromosome but are so far apart from one another so that their alleles get crossed over during meiosis. In this case, Yyll and yyLl are the recombinant.
2. Calculation of distance between Y and L.
The numbers of the two recombinant types is 200 (100 Yyll + 100 yyLl) and 800 parental offspring.
Total number of offspring is 1000.
So: 200/1000*100=20 map units.
There is 20 percent recombinant offspring frequency.
A ruler will not be needed due to having a graduated cylinder which can help measure the volume of liquids
Answer:
The pyrenoid, a dense structure inside or beside chloroplasts of certain algae, consists largely of ribulose biphosphate carboxylase, one of the enzymes necessary in photosynthesis for carbon fixation and thus sugar formation. Starch, a storage form of glucose, is often found around pyrenoids.
Answer: There is presence of tumor.
Explanation: The adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix (EMC) through integrins ( cell-EMC binding molecules, which are collagens, laminins and fibronectin) causes the activation of kinases in the cytoplasm.
However, kinanes helps in controlling the epithelial cell differentiation and upholding the epithelial tissues. This is done by the addition of phosphate groups to a substrate protein which is termed Protein phosporylation. Then, the kinases direct the affairs of the cell and it's activities. For example, it determines the cell division, anabolic and catabolic activities of the cell, movement of ions between the cell and it's environment (signal transduction), protein functions and etc.
Conclusively, since the activities of the cell like cell division and protein functions is dictated by the kinase, reduction in cell division that gave rise to rapid growth is put on hold. Hence, the tumor is been suppressed.
Note: the binding of cell-EMC is regulated by Transforming Growth Factor (TGF) β.
