Imperialists seeked possession of colonies that had extractive economies because they wanted to gain the advantage of the global resources.
Galileo's problem was that he was trying to teach people science which was in conflict with what the church preached. When he started questioning the church and providing scientific results the people started questioning as well which did not bode well for the church. The conflict got resolved with him abandoning his research and living a quite secluded life until he died.
Hol up, what? I dont get this question
Technological advancements, such as the beginning of the space race and things of that sort.
