When electrons do not return to the photosystems, it is because of a process known as oxygenic photophosphorylation, a process that is key to photosynthesis.
Photosynthesis is the process by which plants get their energy. This process involves many steps taken in order to turn energy from light, into sugar and molecular energy known as ATP, needed for plants to survive. This process uses a variety of important and complex steps, among which is included oxygenic photophosphorylation.
Oxygenic photophosphorylation is one of the key processes to photosynthesis. It involves the use of photosystems <u>one </u>and <u>three</u>, located in the thylakoid membrane of plant cells, in order to produce NADPH and ATP. These systems enter a state of photoactivation, releasing an electron to be carried by the NADPH molecule towards the Calvin cycle where the electron can be placed onto a carbon atom, for long-term storage, often as a carbohydrate.
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As well as producing hormones, vaccines and other drugs genetic engineering has the potential to cure genetic diseases through gene therapy. The same techniques that are used to produce drugs can also have industrial applications such as producing enzymes for laundry detergent, cheeses and other products.
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Structure. The IVC is formed by the joining of the left and right common iliac veins and brings collected blood into the right atrium of the heart. It also joins with the azygos vein (which runs on the right side of the vertebral column) and venous plexuses next to the spinal cord.
Source: common iliac vein; lumbar veins;