Physical biological and chemical
That'll be guanine. If you look up "pyrimidine" in google, it will tell you the two nucleotides that are pyrmidines are cytosine and thymine. So that leaves guanine.
Answer:
Genes come in different versions, otherwise known as alleles, with dominant alleles being expressed over recessive alleles (one stronger than the other in terms of traits and etc). Recessive alleles are only expressed when no dominant allele is present. Color of the eyes, for example is allele A is brown color eyes and B is blue color eyes, and assume that A is the dominant then that relationship will prove A to be the simple dominant and B the recessive.
Answer:
energy is needed when it comes to osmosis that's the movement of molecules from a lower concentration to a higher concentration. that's when u are breathing out carbon dioxide
About 4 times more ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation than substrate-level phosphorylation.
<h3>Oxidative phosphorylation:</h3>
In the metabolism process known as oxidative phosphorylation, also known as electron transport-linked phosphorylation or terminal oxidation, cells employ catalysts to oxidize carbohydrates, liberating chemical energy and producing adenosine triphosphate (ATP) as a consequence.
- According to some modern studies, the ATP output after aerobic respiration is only approximately 30-32 ATP molecules /molecule of glucose, rather than 36-38, because:
During oxidative phosphorylation,
- the ATP: NADH+H+ and ATP: FADH2 ratios appear to be 2.5 and 1.5 instead of 3 and 2, respectively.
<h3>Substrate level phosphorylation:</h3>
- Substrate-level phosphorylation is a metabolic activity that produces ATP or GTP by the direct transfer of a phosphoryl (PO3) group from another phosphorylated chemical to ADP or GDP.
- Substrate level phosphorylation happens via glycolysis and the Krebs cycle. It happens in two phases during glycolysis, and because 2 molecules are involved, it eventually creates 4 ATP from a glucose molecule.
- As a result, the total ATP molecules generated from substrate-level phosphorylation of a glucose molecule during aerobic respiration will be 4+2 = 6.
Therefore, it is concluded that ATP generated during oxidative phosphorylation is 30-6=24 or 32-6=26 i.e., about 4 times than substrate-level phosphorylation.
Learn more about substrate level phosphorylation here:
brainly.com/question/14790439
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