A budgeting procedure that includes the enter and negotiation of numerous layers of control describes the control philosophy of Participative budgeting.
The required details for Participative budgeting in given paragraph
Participative budgeting is a procedure below which humans impacted with the aid of using a price range are actively concerned within side the price range advent procedure. This method offers lower-stage managers a more feel of possession within side the ensuing price range. A basically participative price range does now no longer take high-stage strategic issues into account, so control desires to offer personnel with hints concerning the general path of the business enterprise and the way their man or woman departments suit into it. When participative budgeting is used for the duration of an business enterprise, the initial budgets paintings their manner up via the company hierarchy, being reviewed and probably changed with the aid of using mid-stage managers alongside the manner.
Advantages of Participative Budgeting
This bottom-up method to budgeting has a tendency to create budgets which might be greater workable than are top-down budgets which might be imposed on a business enterprise with the aid of using senior control, with tons much less worker participation.
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Answer:
Set.
Explanation:
Closure property in algebra asserts that 'when an operation(multiplication, addition) takes place among the members of a set, the result produced would surely be a member of that same set.' For example, if we add or multiply two real numbers(members of the same set), the result would be a real number for sure(a member of the same set). It implies that 'real numbers are closed under multiplication and addition.' While if I subtract two real numbers, I may or may not get a real number. Thus, the real numbers are closed under subtraction.
Answer: A. Lowering the degree of operating leverage.
Explanation:
The degree of operating leverage measure how much the earnings from a project will change as a result of sales.
If you are worried about the cash flow forecasts, it would be best to lower the operating leverage so as to reduce the forecasting error associated with the project. If the operating leverage is high then a small change in sales could impact income in a relatively huge way. By reducing the DOL, the cashflow from the project is easier to forecast and therefore more reliable.
The analysis of past sales and interpretation of cost information are important in evaluating performance and providing useful facts for future planning. All these activities rely on marketing information and a rigorous marketing research process to produce insights managers can trust and act on.
Answer: Document the risk and calculate the expected monetary value based on the probability and impact of the occurrences.
Explanation:
Risk response refers to the development of strategic options to reduce the threats and enhance opportunities to the objectives of the project.
It should be noted that when new risks are identified, such risks go through the process of risk management and one needs to be able to know the risk probability and risk impact and then get to curtail them.
