It established the principle that everyone is subject to the law. Even the king. It also guaranteed the rights of individuals, and the right to a fair trial.
Ore and more protection/defense system
They come to a diplomatic agreement by compromise and if they cannot come to an agreement there is war
2. Certificate of citizenship
No he does not believe that Christians should have a pardon. They need to repent.
Hope this helps!
-Payshence xoxo