Photosynthesis has two main parts (light-independent and light dependent). Which descriptions can BEST be used to explain photos
ystem I and photosystem II? I. Light-independent reaction II. Light-dependent reaction III. Products are ATP and NADPH. IV. Occurs in the thylakoid membranes V. Occurs in the stroma VI. Photolysis of water occurs during this stage.
The light-dependent reactions use light energy to make two molecules needed for the next stage of photosynthesis: the energy storage molecule ATP and the reduced electron carrier NADPH. In plants, the light reactions take place in the thylakoid membranes of organelles called chloroplasts. Photosystems, large complexes of proteins and pigments (light-absorbing molecules) that are optimized to harvest light, play a key role in the light reactions. There are two types of photosystems: photosystem I (PSI) and photosystem II (PSII). Both photosystems contain many pigments that help collect light energy, as well as a special pair of chlorophyll molecules found at the core (reaction center) of the photosystem. The special pair of photosystem I is called P700, while the special pair of photosystem II is called P680. In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the "standard" form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP . In fact, it's called photophosphorylation because it involves using light energy (photo) to make ATP from ADP (phosphorylation). Here are the basic steps: Light absorption in PSII. When light is absorbed by one of the many pigments in photosystem II, energy is passed inward from pigment to pigment until it reaches the reaction center. There, energy is transferred to P680, boosting an electron to a high energy level. The high-energy electron is passed to an acceptor molecule and replaced with an electron from water. This splitting of water releases the O 2 O 2 start text, O, end text, start subscript, 2, end subscript we breathe. ATP synthesis. The high-energy electron travels down an electron transport chain, losing energy as it goes. Some of the released energy drives pumping of H + H + start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript ions from the stroma into the thylakoid interior, building a gradient. ( H + H + start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript ions from the splitting of water also add to the gradient.) As H + H + start text, H, end text, start superscript, plus, end superscript ions flow down their gradient and into the stroma, they pass through ATP synthase, driving ATP production in a process known as chemiosmosis. Light absorption in PSI. The electron arrives at photosystem I and joins the P700 special pair of chlorophylls in the reaction center. When light energy is absorbed by pigments and passed inward to the reaction center, the electron in P700 is boosted to a very high energy level and transferred to an acceptor molecule. The special pair's missing electron is replaced by a new electron from PSII (arriving via the electron transport chain). NADPH formation. The high-energy electron travels down a short second leg of the electron transport chain. At the end of the chain, the electron is passed to NADP + + start superscript, plus, end superscript (along with a second electron from the same pathway) to make NADPH. The net effect of these steps is to convert light energy into chemical energy in the form of ATP and NADPH. The ATP and NADPH from the light-dependent reactions are used to make sugars in the next stage of photosynthesis, the Calvin cycle. In another form of the light reactions, called cyclic photophosphorylation, electrons follow a different, circular path and only ATP (no NADPH) is produced.
Darwin would be happy that his theory of evolution is correct. Stating that biological evolution is through natural selection of inherited traits that enable a species to survive, compete and reproduce.
For the answer to the question above, the best part to place the breastplate to restraint an infant especially on cars in the armpit level. If you place it below. They might have a difficulty in breathing. Higher than armi. they might choke their neck. So the best place is in the Armpit level.
<span>The choices for this question are: </span>-is biologically magnified in ... are recycled in -is dissipated in ... flow through -flows through ... are recycled in -is continuously supplied to ... are continuously removed from <span>-is recycled in ... flow through</span><span>
On a global scale, energy flows through ecosystems whereas chemical elements are recycle in ecosystems. So the answer is the third option.
Energy flows through the ecosystem. Most energy comes from sunlight and it is transformed into chemical energy by autotrophs. When they are consumed by heterotrophs the energy is passed on, until it dissipates as heat. </span><span> Chemical elements like carbon and nitrogen, on the other hand, are cycled between biotic and abiotic factors in an ecosystem. This is not possible for energy. These chemical elements come from abiotic factors like the air, light and soil. They are incorporated in the biomass of the photosynthetic organisms and are consumed by other organisms. They are changed back into their inorganic form when the organism dies and are broken down by decomposers and the cycle goes on. So they are constantly being recycled.
In summary, energy needs a continuous source to be able to maintain and sustain the energy flow in the ecosystem. Chemical elements, on the other hand, are just recycled through processes between abiotic factors and biotic factors. </span>
The skin is consist of keratinized cells that will keep multiplying. The cells start at the stratum basale and will keep moving up changing the old ones until it ends up at the outermost layer of stratum corneum.This process will take time around 2 - 4 weeks.
