Ezra made it an offical part
Most slaves that were sent to the Caribbean ended up working sugar plantations, since sugar was in incredibly high demand in Europe, making it very expensive and profitable.
I will try and answer a very complex question, and by no means is this answer definitive. Due the process of industrialization (the move from an agrarian socioeconomic model to goods, manufacturing, and services model) makes for a very capital intensive model. Part of that. The dependency on fossil fuels such as petroleum/oil (as well as the energy policies of nation states) leads to secure resources through not only diplomacy. This is a world of limited resources, and fear of resource depletion is a powerful incentive.
An appositive or appositive phrase is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it.
For example:
"The insect, a cockroach, crawled across the table"
Therefore the only answer can be the first option.
