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mario62 [17]
3 years ago
5

What term describes the reversion of animals to behaviors characteristic of their species even when being reinforced for perform

ing other behaviors?
Biology
1 answer:
azamat3 years ago
7 0

Answer:

c

Explanation:

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N which vertebrates did feathers first evolve?
Lapatulllka [165]
<span>Wings have evolved several times independently. In flying fish, the wings are formed by the enlargement of the pectoral fins. Some fish leap out of the water and glide through the air, both to save energy and to escape predators. If they were already gliding, then any mutation that would result in an increase of the gliding surface would be advantageous to the fish that has it. These advantageous may allow these fish to out-compete the others. 

Wings have also evolved in bats, pterosaurs, and birds. In these animals, the wings are formed by the forelimbs. In some lizards that have evolved gliding flight, however, the "wings" or gliding surfaces may be quite different. The lizard Draco, for example, has gliding surfaces formed by an extension of the ribs. A number of extinct reptiles have similar gliding surfaces. Frogs that glide have expanded webbing on their hands and feet. Gliding ("flying") squirrels and marsupial sugar gliders have flaps of skin that lie between the front and rear limbs. These gliding animals all have one thing in common: a gliding surface that is formed by enlarging some parts of the body. 

In pterosaurs, the wing is formed by an elongated finger and a large skin membrane attached to this finger. In bats, the wing is formed by the entire hand, with skin membranes connecting the elongated fingers. In birds, flight feathers are attached to the entire forelimb, while the fingers have fused together. In all of these animals except birds, the wing is a solid structure. In birds, however, the wing is formed by a large number of individual feathers lying close to each other and each feather is in turn formed by filaments that interlock. 

Biophysicists have determined that flight most likely evolved from the tree down. That means most active flyers evolved flight from an animal that was already gliding. Gliding was therefore probably an indispensable intermediate stage in the evolution of flight. Since gliding has evolved in so many different groups of animals, it follows that the ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs were almost certainly gliders. 

Unfortunately, the fossil records of the immediate gliding ancestors of birds, bats, and pterosaurs are all missing. The first known bat and bird fossils are recognizable as flyers. The same is true of pterosaurs. Therefore the origin of these flyers remain a mystery and a subject of often acrimonious debate. There are people who claim that dinosaurs evolved insulation, which then evolved into feathers, but the evidence for that is lacking. The so-called proto-feathers found on some dinosaurs are indistinguishable from the collagen fibers found in the skin of most vertebrates. Some of the supposedly feathered dinosaurs, such as Caudipteryx and Protarchaeopteryx, are actually flightless birds. The same is probably true of Microraptor fossils, which are (as Alan Feduccia says) probably "avian non-dinosaurs." 

Even though the immediate ancestor of birds remains a mystery, there is a fossil known as Longisquama insignis, which lived during the late Triassic. It has featherlike structures on its back. It was probably a glider of some sort. So, this animal may well be the distant ancestor of Archaeopteryx, the oldest known bird. 

In sum, flying almost certainly evolved from animals that were already gliding, or from the tree down, not from the ground up. The dinosaurian origin of birds requires that dinosaurs evolved feathers from insulation and flight to have evolved from the ground up. Both of these requirements are extremely unlikely to have occurred in evolutionary history, because dinosaurs are almost certainly ectothermic (or "cold-blooded") and therefore they never evolved insulation, and because feathers are too unnecessarily complex to have evolved as insulation. Flight from the ground up is also dangerous because large animals that attempt to fly from the ground may crash and seriously injure or even kill themselves. We all know how dangerous an airplane can be if it loses power and crashes. Small and light weight animals, OTOH, that were already gliding can survive if their attempt to fly fails. Finally, if flight evolved from gliding, then why do animals glide? The answer is that gliding is energetically much cheaper than to descend a tree, walk along the ground, and then climb up another tree. Besides, it is almost certainly much safer to glide from one tree to another than to be walking on the ground for many arboreal animals. 

See link below for details of why dinosaurs are considered ectothermic according to the available scientific evidence.</span>Source(s):<span>http://discovermagazine.com/1996/dec/aco...</span>
3 0
3 years ago
According to the nebular hypothesis, when did nuclear fusion begin?
sergiy2304 [10]
There is evidence that Emanuel Swedenborg<span> first proposed parts of the nebular hypothesis in 1734.</span>[3][4] Immanuel Kant<span>, familiar with Swedenborg's work, developed the theory further in 1755, publishing his own </span>Universal Natural History and Theory of the Heavens, wherein he argued that gaseous clouds (nebulae<span>) slowly rotate, gradually collapse and flatten due to </span>gravity<span>, eventually forming </span>stars<span> and </span>planets.<span>[2]</span>
6 0
3 years ago
The crust is the thickest layer of the earth true or false​
Naily [24]

Answer:

The crust is not the thickest layer of earth

:)

4 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
The energy in the rabbit came from the grass without changing
kondor19780726 [428]
False..the energy was depleted just a little..lets say a wolf comes and eats the rabbit..then the energy in the rabbit from grass will deplete a little more and so forth if a human comes and kills the wolf and eats it...the energy always goes down a bit
8 0
3 years ago
Carrying capacity is the
jonny [76]

Answer:

C. Mean

Explanation:

sir / ma your question isn't clear. That aside.

to know how population size of species affect the sustainability we find the mean carrying size(just a guess)

5 0
2 years ago
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