From lowest to highest? Supreme Court is the highest
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Adams created previosuly non-existing judicial vacancies and achieved the appointment of federalist supporters as judges. Voting in the Senate on their candidacy and registration of judicial patents lasted until midnight on the last day of Adams' tenure, hence the name "midnight judges."
The Jefferson administration has tried to cancel midnight appointments. However, one of the appointed but not patented judjes, William Marbury, appealed to the US Supreme Court. The Court ruled that the government did not have the right to refuse Marbury’s office, but at the same time recognized the Act on the Court as unconstitutional.
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Henry Cabot Lodge was a Republican and U.S Senator who was born in Boston in 1850 and died in 1924. Aside from his striking career as a Republican, and his prominent friendship with Theodore Roosevelt, Henry Cabot Lodge dedicated his life to his belief in the strength of America and its need to always be strong militarily and economically. He was also a strong believer in imperialism and the romantic idea of the prominent role of America on international affairs. He became a U.S Senator in 1893 and from that moment he became a spokesperson for these ideals, also shared by Theodore Roosevelt, among others. In 1912, with the election of Woodrow Wilson to the Presidency, Lodge rose as chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee and he dedicated himself to opposing Wilson on allowing the U.S to enter the League of Nations and did not wish for the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles. In fact, he always advocated for strong involvement from the U.S during World War I and believed in the establishment of peace but through power and force, rather than discussion and peaceful talks. He particularly opposed Article X from the league covenant as he believed it took away Congress´s power to declare war.
