In dual federalism, both the state government and the federal government have their own jurisdiction and respect each other's jurisdictions in legislation without interfering. There is a clear difference in who deals with what and they don't intervene with one another when they are making policies. Because of this, it is also known as the layer cake federalism.
Cooperative federalism is the opposite of dual federalism. In cooperative, both the state government and the national government work together when making policies. It is called also the marble cake federalism because like the marble cake, it's all mixed and not clearly separated into layers.
An example of dual federalism in the United States can be when local, state governments, make policies regarding aid programs to people in the state. The federal government approves and allocates funds but the state can make policies regarding aid to some of its citizens independently of the federal government.
An example of cooperative federalism in the United States can be making policies regarding environmental protection. For example, the federal government can make a set of laws to protect the environment and reduce carbon dioxide emission, while a state government can create a local program that would help factories switch to clean energy in order to adhere to the law.
Answer;
<span>Samuel Adams and Thomas Jefferson are alike in their position on ratifying the Constitution in that;
</span><span>-They both opposed a strong federal government.
Explanation;
Sam Adams helped formulate resistance to the Stamp Act and played a vital role in organizing the Boston Tea Party. Sam Adams opposed a strong federal government,
Thomas Jefferson </span>regarded the people as the ultimate defenders of liberty. Distrust of power, especially power concentrated in a central government, was central to his political views. <span>Among the constitutional measures which he supported in order to avoid concentration of power were federalism and the separation of powers</span>
According to a source, osmoregulation is primarily accompanied by sodium and potassium pumps that works together with regulating the osmotic pressure within these organisms and fishes.
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The conclusion about the product demand graph is; C: Product A has more elastic demand than product B.
<h3>How to Interpret Equilibrium Demand Graphs?</h3>
The graph given shows us the quantity demanded for 2 products in relation to their prices.
From the given graph, we can conclude that product A is more responsive to a change in price, compared to how responsive product B is to a change in price.
Thus, a change in the price of commodity A causes a greater change in the quantity demanded, compared to a change in quantity demanded for product B, with almost the same change in price.
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