Austria Hungary, Germany, Bulgaria and the Ottoman Empire were part of the central powers in WW1.
The people in kingdoms were believers so the Church believed that the people should listen to it as the highest source of power. Kings believed that they were the source of power since they were Kings. They clashed with the church on this and often the Church would excommunicate them which would be troublesome. An example of this was the rise of Protestantism where kingdoms wanted to be separated from the Pope. Another can be the Avignon Papacy when France wanted to have its own pope.
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The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the only global international organization dealing with the rules of trade between nations. At its heart are the WTO agreements, negotiated and signed by the bulk of the world's trading nations and ratified in their parliaments.
The “enemies” of the Church in Europe included people who were not Christians. It also included Christians who were labeled heretics, that is, people who challenged the official teachings of the Church or who questioned the pope’s power and authority.
Millions of people, Christian and non-Christian, soldiers and noncombatants lost their lives during the Crusades. In addition to the enormous loss of life, the debt incurred and other economic costs associated with the multiple excursions to the Middle East impacted all levels of society, from individual families and villages, to budding nation-states. The wars also resulted in the destruction of cities and towns that lay in the crusaders’ wake. In his Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, Edward Gibbon refers to the Crusades as an event in which “the lives and labours of millions, which were buried in the East, would have been more profitably employed in the improvement of their native country.”
The Grand Banks area is a coastal plain. This is because it is adjacent to a sea coast.
