The correct answer is (d.) a place where Muslim philosophers met to contemplate life. The House of Wisdom was actually a major intellectual center for well-known scholars during the Golden Age that made many remarkable contributions to the diverse fields.
It is an act or agency by which an effect is produced.
The reason why the Framers of the Constitution wanted the selection of justices to be non-democratic is because they didn't wanted these justices to be "swayed" by public opinion, which could allow them to make judicial decisions based on what would most likely get them re-elected, as opposed to what was in the best interest of the country.
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