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3 years ago

Compare and contrast homologous and analogous structures

1 answer:

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Answer: Analogous structures are those that have a similar function but whose origin is different. Homologous structures have the same function and also start from the same origin.

Explanation:

Convergence is the evolutionary phenomenon by which different organisms that are evolutionarily distant tend, under equivalent environmental pressures, to develop analogous characteristics.

Analogous structures are those that have a different evolutionary origin, but fulfil very similar functions. For example, the wings of a bird, the wings of a bat and the wings of an insect all are for the same thing (flight) but their phylogenetic origin is not the same. This means, they fulfill <u>similar functions by similar means, without having the same evolutionary origin.</u>

The development of homologous structures occurs through divergent evolution, where two related species change a common ancestral structure during their evolution in order to survive by performing different functions.

Then, if they have the same evolutionary origin, they are homologous. <u>So, if two structures have the same function by similar means and also start from the same origin, they are homologous structures. </u> For example, the extremities of vertebrates, similar skeletal structure, but for different uses.

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Initiating an action potential

Under most circumstances, once an axon's membrane potential reaches threshold (about -55 mV in mammals), an action potential is automatically triggered. The graph below shows the changes in membrane potential that occur in an axon membrane that is initially at resting potential.

In response to a stimulus, the membrane slowly depolarizes until the membrane potential reaches a particular value, called threshold. At threshold, a rapid depolarization of the membrane occurs and an action potential is initiated.

Drag the labels onto the flowchart to show the sequence of events that occurs once

the membrane potential

-1. membrane potential reaches threshold

-2. Na+ ions rush into the cell

-3. membrane potential rises (depolarizes) rapidly

-4. many Na+ voltage-gated channels open

The ANSWER WILL SURELY BE

membrane potential reaches threshold ---> many Na+ voltage-gated channels open ---> Na+ ions rush into the cell ---> membrane potential rises (depolarizes) rapidly

(1--->4--->2--->3)

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