Seedless vascular plants are classified into three phyla namely the club mosses, horsetails and ferns. Ferns form the numerous seedless plants with true vascular tissue, creeping underground stems called the rhizomes and large leaves called the fronds. They reproduce via spores.
Ferns crowd on the forest floors even after cutting them down. They invade the cleared zone of forest which has been cut for timber via numerous spores. The spores are in clusters called sori on the underside of the leaves. The spores develop into haploid gametophytes by mitosis. They also grow by spreading their rhizomes or from the tips of their fronds.
Answer:
B an increase in the concentration of hydrogen peroxide.
Explanation:
Plasma is important because
-it helps transport red blood cells facilitating transport of oxygen
-regulates body temperature
-it for forms a medium in which substance dissolve
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Answer:
The initial step in the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is activation of the amino acid by reaction with ATP
Explanation:
In protein synthesis, the first step involves the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA. This reaction is catalyzed by the the Mg²⁺-dependent enzymes known as aminoacyl t-RNA synthetases and occurs in two steps.
The first step of the reaction of the formation of an aminoacyl-tRNA is the activation of the amino acid by the attachment of an AMP molecule formed from the hydrolysis of ATP to AMP and pyrophosphate. The aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is bound to the enzyme in this initial step. Subsequently, in the second step of the activation of the amino acid, the aminoacyl adenylate intermediate is then transferred to its specific tRNA. The pyrophosphate formed in the first step is hydrolyzed to 2 phosphate molecules by a pyrophosphatase.
The overall reaction step is illustrated below:
Amino acid + tRNA + ATP -----> aminoacyl-tRNA +AMP + 2Pi
