Answer:
Innate immunity is a nonspecific defense mechanisms that play its role as soon as an antigen appear in the body (it is relatively rapid but nonspecific and because of that it is not always effective)
Explanation:
The barries of innate immunity are:
Skin: At Epidermal surface, its protective aspect are keratinized cells that lives on the surface, known as Langerhans cells.
Skin sweat or secretions: Their specific defense is sweat glands and sebaceous glands, and their protective aspect is low ph and washing action.
Mucosal surfaces: they are at the mucosal epithelium, and their protect aspects are nonkeratinized epithelial cells.
Oral cavity: They defend salivary glands through Lysozyme
My guess is that fat-soluble toxins that may occur in freshwater ecosystems would most affect apex species in these ecosystems. This is because fat-soluble toxins are stored in the fat reserves of animals, and then bioaccumulate up the food chain. So in this case, most of the toxin is not secreted, but stored within the food chain, and bioaccumulates, with the concentration becoming higher the further up the food chain.
<span>The average temperature is about 0 degrees Celsius to 20 degrees Celsius (winter
Hope this helps please award brainly :)
</span>
Ethanol is a fuel produced by fermenting crops
