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Darina [25.2K]
3 years ago
13

A cell is said to have reached the metaphase stage of mitosis when

Biology
1 answer:
Ostrovityanka [42]3 years ago
4 0
When <span>the centromeres have arrived at the equatorial plate. </span>
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In your laboratory journal, describe the two tools of molecular biology that are often described as the scissors and glue for ma
MatroZZZ [7]

The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.

A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.

Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.


The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase

In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.


The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning

Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).

Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.

7 0
3 years ago
Read 2 more answers
Why is classification subject to change?
vladimir1956 [14]
Classification is subject to change because science is an evolving subject. New things are discovered every year and thus changing the way we understand the world around us.
8 0
3 years ago
A large amount of extracellular material is a characteristic of which type of tissue? a large amount of extracellular material i
sattari [20]
Lolol i don twhy i need 1- questions

5 0
3 years ago
Darla was in an automobile accident that resulted in an injury to her brain. Her sense of touch has been affected. Which part of
Aleksandr-060686 [28]

Answer:

SENSORY CORTEX

Explanation:

The sensory cortex is the part of the brain that works on information referring to touch (called somatosensation) and other sense of feelings.

More specifically, the somatosensory cortex has a responsibility of processing touches in our body

7 0
2 years ago
Match these items:
stepladder [879]

Answer:

a fertilized egg- zygote

separation of two ends of an old cell- cytokinesis

union of egg and sperm- fertilization

egg-producing organ in lower plants- archegonium

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