They sailed from Plymouth, on the southern coast of England.
An increased presence of Christians in the Levant during the Middle Ages.
the development of military orders.
a polarisation of the East and West based on religious differences.
the specific application of religious goals to warfare in the Levant, Iberian peninsula, and Baltic region, in particular.
the increased role and prestige of the popes and the Catholic Church in secular affairs.
the souring of relations between the West and the Byzantine Empire leading, ultimately, to the latter’s destruction.
an increase in the power of the royal houses of Europe.
a stronger collective cultural identity in Europe.
an increase in xenophobia and intolerance between Christians and Muslims, and between Christians and Jews, heretics and pagans.
an increase in international trade and exchange of ideas and technology.
an increase in the power of such Italian states as Venice, Genoa, and Pisa.
the appropriation of many Christian relics to Europe.
the use of a religious historical precedent to justify colonialism, warfare and terrorism.
After Hitler came to power in 1933, he blamed Germany's defeat in World War I primarily on "<span>b. Jews and Communists," although he reserved more blame for the Jews specifically. </span>
The correct answer to this open question is the following.
Why was credit from American bankers so essential to all the European powers?
Credit from American bankers was so essential to all the European powers because that credit allowed European investors, businessmen, and governments to have money and used to support or improve the economic conditions of Europe. Part of that credit was still used to the recovery from World War I effects.
What happened when that credit was suddenly cut after the stock market crash in 1929 was that countries suffered because a crisis started as a consequence of the Great Depression in the United States.
Let's have in mind that countries had invested in many war bonds during World War I.
When the United States stock market crashed on October 29, 1929, this event represented the beginning of the Greta Depression, which not only affected the United States but European nations too.
It was one of the worst economic moments in the history of the world. Millions of people lost their jobs, many companies had to close, and banks went into bankruptcy. European countries were in debt due to the many expenditures during the war and the poverty and destruction that remained after it.
