Chimeric mice are generated where approximately 50% of the cells in the animal are genetically MHC class I-deficient. The other 50% are deficient for the herpes virus receptor, HVEM, but do express MHC class I molecules. When these mice are infected with herpesvirus by intraperitoneal injection, a robust virus-specific CD8 T cell response is detected at day 7 post-infection in the spleens of the infected mice.
Chimeric mice are generated where approximately 50% of the cells in the animal are genetically MHC class I-deficient - Immunobiology
: a branch of biology concerned with the physiological reactions characteristic of the immune state
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Answer: Atoms are the basic building blocks of all matter, living and nonliving. They are made up of subatomic particles (neutrons, protons, and electrons)
Explanation:
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<span>Meiosis is the process of cell division that reduces the chromosome number by half. During the process two phases (two nuclear divisions) occur: Meiosis I and Meiosis II. Meiosis I is the phase of reduction and Meiosis II is the division. So, if a cell under a microscope shows two daughter cells and they aye haploid than this is the stage Meiosis II, in which the cell is divided into two daughter cells.</span><span />
The answer is A, storing urine until it is eliminated.
The bladder stores urine, allowing urination to be infrequent and controlled. The bladder is lined by layers of muscle tissue that stretch to hold urine. The normal capacity of the bladder is 400-600 mL. During urination, the bladder muscles squeeze, and two sphincters (valves) open to allow urine to flow out.
Enzymes can be denatured unfolded by heat or chemicals.
<h3>What are enzymes?</h3>
Enzymes are proteins that are found in living organisms which are able to increase the rate of chemical reaction and remains unchanged at the end of the reaction.
The factors that can denature enzymes include heat and chemicals. This is because:
- Higher temperatures disrupt the shape of the active site, which will reduce its activity, or prevent it from working. When the enzyme loses its shape, it is said to have been denatured.
- These environmental factors can alter the pH level of the enzyme.
Therefore, for an enzyme to perform its functions, the external factors that affects it's activities must be normal and favorable.
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