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mixas84 [53]
3 years ago
11

If consumers see a measurable increase in the price of coffee, they are likely to change their consumption to less expensive tea

. These substitutions would show-up in the ____________.
Business
1 answer:
erica [24]3 years ago
4 0

Answer: Utility function .

Explanation: In economics and particularly in consumer choice theory, the substitution effect is one component of the effect of a change in the price of a good upon the amount of that good demanded by a consumer, the other being the income effect .

utility function is an important concept that measures preferences over a set of goods and services. Utility represents the satisfaction that consumers receive for choosing and consuming a product or service. Utility is measured in units called utils, but calculating the benefit or satisfaction that consumers receive from is abstract and difficult to pinpoint. As a result, economists measure utility in terms of revealed preferences by observing consumers' choices. From there, economists create an ordering of consumption baskets from least desired to the most preferred.

utility function measures the welfare or satisfaction of a consumer as a function of consumption of real goods such as food or clothing. Utility function is widely used in the rational choice theory to analyze human behavior.

When economists measure the preferences of consumers, it's referred to ordinal utility. In other words, the order in which consumers choose one product over another can establish that consumers assign a higher value to the first product. Ordinal utility measures how consumers rank one product versus another.

Economists take the utility-function concept one step farther by assigning a numerical value to the products that consumers choose or choose not to consume. Assigning a value of utility is called cardinal utility, and the metric used to it is called utils.

For example, in certain situations, tea and coffee can be considered perfect substitutes for each other, and the appropriate utility function must reflect such preferences with a utility form of u(c, t) = c + t, where "u" denotes the utility function and "c" and "t" denote coffee and tea. Economists might conclude that a consumer who consumes one pound of coffee and no tea derives a utility of 1 util.

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To partially eliminate the problems that are associated with the short-term focus of return on investment, residual income, and
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To partially eliminate the problems that are associated with the short-term focus of return on investment, residual income, and EVA, the performance of a division's major investments is commonly evaluated through (E) post audits.

<h3>What are post audits?</h3>
  • The post-audit procedure establishes a formal process (feedback) for assessing whether existing initiatives should be continued, extended, or discontinued.
  • That is, the post-audit gives useful information that can be used to fix problems before an investment's performance is jeopardized.
  • The purpose of the post-audit review process is to ensure that management has addressed all of the recommendations given in the Audit Report.
  • The Post-Audit Review occurs shortly after the agreed-upon implementation deadline, which management committed to in the management response.

Therefore, to partially eliminate the problems that are associated with the short-term focus of return on investment, residual income, and EVA, the performance of a division's major investments is commonly evaluated through (E) post audits.

Know more about post audits here:

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7 0
1 year ago
Assume the world market for oil is competitive and that the marginal cost of producing​ (extracting and bringing to​ market) ano
xz_007 [3.2K]

Answer:

The economic surplus will decrease by $2.20

Explanation:

$81.40 and $79.20 are <em>marginal </em>cost and benefit, which are the changes to total costs and total benefits due to producing and consuming one additional barrel of oil.

They can be used to calculate <em>change </em>to economic surplus, which is the change to the net economic value received by society, which is given by:

marginal benefit - marginal cost = $79.20 - $81.40 = - $2.20

7 0
3 years ago
Bradford Services Inc. (BSI) is considering a project that has a cost of $10 million and an expected life of 3 years. There is a
balandron [24]

Answer:

Expected Net Cash Flow = $3.8 million

Net Present Value (NPV) = $1.0492 million

Explanation:

Given Cash outflow = $10 million

Provided cash inflows as follows:

Particulars           Good condition         Moderate condition        Bad Condition

Probability                  30%                               40%                                  30%

Cash flow                $9 million                     $4 million                       $1 million

Average expected cash flow each year = ($9 million X 30 %) + ($4 million X 40%) + ($1 million X 30%) = $2.7 million + $1.6 million + $0.3 million = $4.6 million

Three year expected cash flow = ($4.6 million each year X 3) - $10 million = $13.8 million - $10 million = $3.8 million

While calculating NPV we will use Present Value Annuity Factor (PVAF) @12% for 3 years = \frac{1}{(1 + 0.12){^1}} + \frac{1}{(1 + 0.12){^2}} + \frac{1}{(1 + 0.12){^3}} = 2.402

NPV = PV of inflows - PV of Outflows = $4.6 million X 2.402 - $10 million = $11.0492 million - $10 million = $1.0492 million

Expected Net Cash Flow = $3.8 million

Net Present Value (NPV) = $1.0492 million

3 0
3 years ago
The P/E ratio for a certain stock was high. This means _____.
Paraphin [41]
4.when you divide the closing price by the dividend you get a number higher thsn 50
8 0
3 years ago
Assume the bid rate of an Australian dollar is $0.60 while the ask rate is $0.61 at Bank Q. Assume the bid rate of an Australian
jarptica [38.1K]

Answer:

$16,393.44

Explanation:

Calculation for what would be your gain

Gain=$1,000,000/($0.61 per AUD)*$0.62 per AUD - $1,000,000

Gain=1,639,344*$0.62 per AUD - $1,000,000

Gain=$16,393.44

Therefore what would be your gain if you use $1,000,000 and execute locational arbitrage will be $16,393.44

3 0
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