The answer is b. A neutral pH is 7. Basic>7 and Acidic<7.
I believe that the answer to the question provided above is that the <span> time frame is considered rapid environmental change is the modernization period.</span>
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Electrons transport chains are redox reactions that transfer electrons from an electron donor to an electron accepter.The transfer of electrons is coupled to the translocation of protons across a membrane,producing a proton gradients.
Answer:
The correct answer is B energy released from chemical reaction is used to directly phosphorylate ADP.
Explanation:
When ATP molecule is formed by the phosphorylation of ADP but without the involvement of oxidative phosphorylation is known as substrate level phosphorylation.
Example The conversion of 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate to 3 phospho glycerate by the help of phospho glycerate kinase is an example of substrate level phosphorylation .
In this reaction one phosphate moiety is being splited from 1,3 bis phosphoglycerate,the splited phosphate moiety then reacts with ADP to generate ATP.
In order for natural selection to occur, a selection pressure must be present. This selection pressure causes species to die out, and the ones that are able to cope with this pressure have what is called a selective advantage.
In the above mentioned scenario, the selection pressure on bacteria are the antibiotics that kill them. This occurs until some bacteria are born with a genetic mutation that allows them to survive the effect of an antibiotic.
Once this occurs, the bacterium is able to survive while the rest of the bacteria are wiped out by the antibiotic. This bacterium then has all of the present resources available to itself, which means that it can divide indefinitely until resources run out. It passes this antibiotic resistance to its offspring, and a strain of bacterium is formed which is resistant to antibiotics.