Participants will respond to extraordinarily high ration requirements when reinforcement requirements are thinned gradually over a long period, similar to FR schedules.
<h3>What are reinforcement schedule?</h3>
The precise rules that are applied to offer (or remove) reinforcers (or punishers) after a specific operant activity are known as schedules of reinforcement. These guidelines are outlined in terms of the duration and/or quantity of replies necessary to provide (or remove) a reinforcer (or a punisher).
<h3>What are FR schedules?</h3>
Reinforcement is only delivered after a predetermined number of replies under a fixed-ratio schedule (FR schedule) in conditioning. "FR 1" denotes that reinforcement is given following each response; "FR 50" denotes that reinforcement is given following each of the first 50 responses; and so forth.
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Answer:
Markup
Explanation:
Markup (or price spread) is the difference between the selling amount of a good or service and cost. It is mostly in the form of a percentage over the cost. A markup is included into the entire cost made by the producer of a good or service so as to take care of the costs of undergoing a business transaction and to make a profit.
To estimate the markup amount, we make use of the formula:
markup = gross profit/wholesale cost.
While,
Gross profit =markup * wholesale cost
The final retail sticker price = gross profit + wholesale cost
To develop an ad requires the services of people except there is an in-house talent that is readily available, people such as actors, voice talent and videographers are contacted to get the job and Ad ready. Commissions mostly do not show those forms of expenses, though. In such situations, the standard procedure is to add 17.65 percent to the costs incurred by the producer bill.
Another notable example can be like this, a radio ad employed the service of a Senami, who is a voice talented individual for a radio ad. She was paid $85, the client will be billed $100 (17.65 percent of 85 is 15). The $15 difference is the agency commission.
Hope this duly explain our answer!
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