Answer:
Higher heat of evaporation required to break hydrogen bonds
Explanation:
Water molecules are joined together by intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Evaporation of liquid water into water vapor requires extra energy to break these hydrogen bonds to separate the water molecules from each other.
Since a higher heat of evaporation is required, the water molecules absorb the heat from the skin surface or leaf surfaces during perspiration and transpiration respectively. This leaves the cooler skin and leaf surfaces behind. Therefore, the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonds and the need for extra energy to evaporation water allow it to exhibit a cooling effect.
D) Approximately eight minutes after it happens on the sun.
Archaea do still exist but only in extreme environments. Pointing to this is the fact that they were undiscovered for a while until they were eventually found in aquatic environments with extremely high temperatures.
Answer:
A) Golgi tendon organ.
Explanation:
A tendon organ or neurotendinous organ or Golgi tendon organ is a mechanoreceptor located at the insertion point of the skeletal muscle to the tendon that is at the myotendinous junction.
The Golgi tendon organ is composed of the collagenous muscle fibres which contain the receptors which sense the contraction of active stretch of the muscles and sends it to the brain. The brain sends the response and the muscle act by the inverse myotatic reflex.
Thus, Option-A is the correct answer.
Answer:
Both inhalation and exhalation depend on pressure gradients between the lungs and atmosphere, as well as the muscles in the thoracic cavity.
Explanation:
The thoracic cavity, or chest cavity, always has a slight, negative pressure which aids in keeping the airways of the lungs open. During the process of inhalation, the lung volume expands as a result of the contraction of the diaphragm and intercostal muscles (the muscles that are connected to the rib cage), thus expanding the thoracic cavity. Due to this increase in volume, the pressure is decreased, based on the principles of Boyle’s Law. This decrease of pressure in the thoracic cavity relative to the environment makes the cavity pressure less than the atmospheric pressure. This pressure gradient between the atmosphere and the thoracic cavity allows air to rush into the lungs; inhalation occurs. The resulting increase in volume is largely attributed to an increase in alveolar space because the bronchioles and bronchi are stiff structures that do not change in size.During this process, the chest wall expands out and away from the lungs. The lungs are elastic; therefore, when air fills the lungs, the elastic recoil within the tissues of the lung exerts pressure back toward the interior of the lungs. These outward and inward forces compete to inflate and deflate the lung with every breath. Upon exhalation, the lungs recoil to force the air out of the lungs. The intercostal muscles relax, returning the chest wall to its original position. During exhalation, the diaphragm also relaxes, moving higher into the thoracic cavity. This increases the pressure within the thoracic cavity relative to the environment. Air rushes out of the lungs due to the pressure gradient between the thoracic cavity and the atmosphere. This movement of air out of the lungs is classified as a passive event since there are no muscles contracting to expel the air.
