1869
National Constitution Center - Centuries of Citizenship - Map: States grant women the right to vote. While seeking to amend the U.S. Constitution, the women's suffrage movement also waged a state-by-state campaign. The territory of Wyoming was the first to give women the vote in 1869.
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La democracia participativa es aquella en donde se tienen en cuenta la voz y el voto del ciudadano. Es una forma de democracia en la que los ciudadanos tienen mayor participación en la toma de las decisiones políticas que la que les otorga tradicionalmente la democracia representativa.
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La discriminación es la acción basada en un prejuicio y ocurre cuando hay un trato diferencial hacia alguien por formar parte de un grupo, categoría o clase.
El racismo es la creencia de que las personas pertenecen a diferentes razas y de que una raza es superior a las otras.
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The Roman Republic became the Roman Empire in 27 BCE when Julius Caesar’s adopted son, best known as Augustus, became the ruler of Rome. Augustus established an autocratic form of government, where he was the sole ruler and made all important decisions. Although we refer to him as Rome’s first emperor, Augustus never took the title of king or emperor, nor did his successors; they preferred to call themselves princeps, first citizen, or primus inter pares, first among peers. This choice of title maintained the appearance of limited power that had been so important under the Republic.
Many of the reforms enacted by Augustus and his successors had a deep and lasting impact on the internal political and economic structures of Rome.
Pax Romana—literally “Roman peace”—is a term often given to the period between 27 BCE and 180 CE during which Roman rule was relatively stable and war less frequent. There were conflicts, such as provincial revolts and wars along the frontier—see the map below showing the extent of Roman control—but Rome experienced nothing like the civil wars that dominated much of the first century BCE. The emperors and the Senate took over most elections and simply chose who they wanted for office, so there were fewer elected political offices to fight over.
Augustus—who, it should be pointed out, came to power through victory in a civil war—ended a string of damaging internal conflicts. Internal stability had positive effects on foreign relations. Because the political and social structures of the empire that Augustus established remained largely unchanged for several centuries, Rome was able to establish regular trade with India and China, further increasing its material wealth through more peaceful means.
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