Answer:
α = 0 if β= 0
Explanation:
If both species want to persist in the same environment and their niches are also over lapping then both of the co-efficient values should be equal. There are two possibilities on these values for persistence. One is that one should compromise to the change produced by the invasive specie and two is that the new specie should compromise if he wants to stay (<em><u>Assuming that there is no competition</u></em>). In this way their niches won't overlap to a greater extent and therefore better chances of survival for both.
Rainfall can cause erosion both when the rain hits the surface of the Earth, called splash erosion, and when raindrops accumulate and flow like small streams. Rivers can create a significant amount of erosion over time. They break up particles along the river bottom and carry them downstream. One example of river erosion is the Grand Canyon which was formed by the Colorado River. Ocean waves can cause the coastline to erode. The shear energy and force of the waves causes pieces of rock and coastline to break off changing the coastline over time. Large floods can cause erosion to happen very quickly acting like powerful rivers.
The part of the visceral reflex arc that is interrupted is the motor response in a target cell. The visceral reflex is part of the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
The visceral reflex arc refers to the reflex arc present in the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
This reflex arc (visceral reflex) generates glandular muscular (motor) responses within internal organs.
The visceral nervous system controls different body functions including, among others, digestion, respiratory rate, heart, pupillary dilation, etc.
Learn more about the visceral reflex arc here:
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