Answer:
The answer is - To serve as an outgroup
Explanation:
The options are;
a) to see if the lily and the orchids show all the same shared derived characters (synapomorphies)
b) to demonstrate likely homoplasies
c) to see if the lily is a cryptic orchid species
d) to serve as an outgroup
The answer is D- To serve as an Outgroup
A phylogenetic tree is also called an evolutionary tree and it shows the evolutionary relationships that exists among organisms called taxa based on their physical or genetic similarities and differences. The Phylogenetic tree consists of ingroup and outgroup. The ingroup consists of a group of closely related organisms or taxon while the outgroup represents a more distantly related group of organisms or taxon but as close as possible to the ingroup.
The Lily represents the outgroup in the phylogenetic tree while the Orchid are the ingroup. This is because the Lily is distantly related to the orchid.
The three themes in a modest proposal are Sincerity, Colonialism and Misanthropy.
Swift gave the idea of the modest proposal. A modest proposal refers to the idea which is not liked by everyone and is distasteful and unorthodox but had to be put forward as no other options are left. There are many themes in a modest proposal. Sincerity refers to the value of doing the work without any pressure with one's own will. It also refers to completing the work on time without any external force. Colonialism refers to the rule of a certain power over the group of people by controlling their life and all the supplies they require to lead a life. For example, The British setup colonies in different parts of the world and India was one of them. Misanthropy is a term that refers to the hatred of humankind.
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They wanted to control the United States Market.