The "scissors" of the molecular biology are: DNA Restriction enzymes.
A restriction enzyme is a protein capable of cleaving a DNA fragment at a characteristic nucleotide sequence called a restriction site. Each restriction enzyme thus recognizes a specific site. Several hundred restriction enzymes are currently known.
Naturally present in a large number of species of bacteria, these enzymes have become important tools in genetic engineering.
The "glue" of the molecular biology are: DNA ligase
In molecular biology, DNA ligases are ligase-class enzymes that catalyze the formation of a phosphodiester bond between two segments of DNA. DNA ligases are involved in several essential cellular processes of DNA metabolism: in DNA replication, suture of Okazaki fragments, and in DNA repair and homologous recombination.
The use of these tools in molecular biology: Cloning
Molecular cloning is one of the bases of genetic engineering. It consists of inserting a DNA fragment (called insert) in an appropriate vector such as a plasmid for example. The new plasmid thus created will then be introduced into a host cell, generally the Escherichia coli bacterium. This will then be selected and multiplied to obtain a large amount of the plasmid of interest. Cloning a gene involves inserting it into a plasmid. A clone will be the bacterial transformant that contains this particular plasmid. In this case we speak of clone because all the individuals of the bacterial colony are genetically identical. Molecular cloning is thus different from reproductive cloning (creating an individual genetically identical to another but of a different age) or therapeutic cloning (making tissues from stem cells to perform transplants compatible with the recipient).
Molecular cloning requires restriction enzymes capable of cleaving the DNA, and DNA ligase capable of re-gluing the DNA fragments. Ligase was isolated for the first time from T4 bacteriophage. This enzyme is involved in the repair and replication of DNA. It can bind DNA fragments with compatible sticky ends. At higher concentration, this enzyme is also able to bind two ends of DNA as shown here. T4 DNA ligase works using ATP and Mg ++. It has an activity optimum of 16 ° C, but remains active at room temperature.
Hypertension or simply termed as high blood pressure is a condition
In the cardiac system where the blood pressure and transfer from one part of
the body to another exceeds the normal levels of the body. The heart is
strongly pumping blood throughout the body which is caused by either lipid
deposits in the vessels or in the heart itself.
Hence hypertension contributes to the conditions that
already exists such as stress, or existing disorders and worsen it.
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Answer:
The energy that was not passed on the next tropic level is lost as heat
Explanation:
In an ecosystem flow of energy occur from one tropic level to the next one as the organism of one tropic level eats another organism belongs to the tropic level that is lower from that of previous one.
The 10% of total energy of one tropic level is passed to the next tropic level the rest of the energy is lost as heat in the environment.
Answer:
DNA checking
2.after few days it's growth rate was so great
