Smartphone applications can offer real-time, customized interventions for quitting smoking. The current study evaluates the efficacy of a smartphone-based smoking cessation application that gave messages customized to current smoking lapse risk and specific lapse triggers and assessed risk for impending smoking lapse numerous times per day.
- A safety-net hospital's smoking cessation program recruited participants (N=59) who underwent five phone-based ecological momentary assessments (EMAs) every day for three weeks in a row.
- A new weighted lapse risk estimator was used to evaluate the risk of smoking lapse in real-time.
- Participants in each EMA received messages that were customized to their level of risk for an impending smoking lapse as well as their self-reported presence of smoking urges, stress, access to cigarettes, and motivation to quit.
- Using generalized linear mixed model analysis, it was assessed if communications that were specifically targeted towards lapse risk variables resulted in bigger decreases in these triggers than messages that weren't.
<h3>What results can we observe?</h3>
- In general, communications that were specifically matched to smoking urge, cigarette availability, or stress resulted in higher decreases in those triggers than messages that were not (p's=0.02 to 0.001).
- When only instances of high stress were included in the analysis, the connection between messages adapted to stress and higher reductions in stress than messages not tailored to stress was non-significant (p=0.892).
<h3>What can be concluded?</h3>
- Mobile technology can be utilized to deliver personalized treatment information and do real-time smoking lapse risk assessments.
- Findings offer the first concrete proof that customized material may have an effect on users' stress levels, temptation to smoke, and access to cigarettes.
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1. The most important agent of Socialization is the family because it is the first social contact of the child. The child would interact with their fathers whom we will learn social norms, forms of attachment, norms of conduct, among many other things, so the pressure they exert as agents of socialization is high. The family continues to be an important agent of socialization throughout life but changes shape, as we form our own family with whom we interact constantly.
2. The second answer is yes, the agents of socialization more important in different stages of the life change because when we grow up we need more and different kind of socialization, and we also learn in all these stages the different nuances necessary to develop in sociality.
- In the childhood, the family is the most important agents of socialization.
- In adolescence, peers become the most important agents of socialization.
- During early adulthood, friendships are the main agents of socialization.
- During adulthood the main agents of socialization are the family itself; the children and the couple. In this stage, we interact less socially.
I hope this information can help you.
