The only force that we can say shaped pre-colonial Africa is the military force. Have in mind that One purpose of centralized political systems was to create the foundation for large military forces that could be called upon for defense and territorial expansion and actualy authoritarianism and the use of force were dominant features of European colonial administrations in Africa. I Hope This Helps
<span>The Tokugawa shogunate was the dynasty created after Leyasu Tokugawa defeated warlords and united Japan under just one rule. Therefore the answer would be B. </span>
