The existence of pre-tax cost of debt and post-tax cost of debt is due
to the acknoledgement of the tax benefit from issuing debt.There is no
tax benefit from paying divdends,so it makes no sense talking about
pre-tax,post-tax cost of equity for a firm.When you think about cash
flow to equity you can only assume that the taxes owed by the company
have already been paid.Now, the taxation over the income of the
shareholder is a whole different issue that does not take place in this
discussion,since it is not taken in consideration either in cost of
equity or cost of debt.
Answer:
Pricing
Explanation:
4 ingredients of marketing mix are Pricing, Product, Place and Promotion(the 4Ps).
Pricing- is for determining the value that is put on a product including rebates. Deciding the correct intrinsic value of a product puts a lot of factors into consideration like the target market, the consumer willingness to pay, whether it is sufficient enough for the company to make a profit out of it.
Product - answers the <em>what</em>; the actually good or service being offered for sale.
Place- answers the <em>where; </em>the location of product so customers can buy it.
Promotion- any activities to inform the target market that the product exist, how to use it etc. this includes advertisement, word of mouth among others.
Answer:
Mexicans
Explanation:
According to the GLOBE project and Hofstede's cultural dimensions, Mexico falls under category of high power distance, whose culture is more based on collectivism. Leaders in these cultures who are successful are the ones who make decisions collectively, therefore any individual approach by these managers in an organization towards decision-making would be viewed negatively.
Answer:
If the national chain suffers, so does the franchisee
Explanation:
Franchises share common problems struggle for one can lead to struggle for all.
