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As learning occurs over repeated conditioning trails, the conditioned stimulus increasingly predicts the unconditioned stimulus, and prediction error <u>declines</u>.
When the outcome of a conditioning trial is different from that which is predicted by the conditioned stimuli that are present on the trial(i.e.., when the US is surprising). prediction error is necessary to create Pavlovian conditioning (and associative learning generally). So conditioning works to correct or reduce prediction error.
To learn something through classical conditioning, there must first be some prediction error, or the chance that a conditioned stimulus won't lead to the expected outcome. with the example of the bell and the light, because the bell always leads to the reward of food, there's is no "prediction error" that the addition of the light helps to correct. However, if the researcher suddenly requires that the bell and the light both occurs in order to receive the food, the bell alone will produce a prediction error that the animal has to learn.
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Kaiser Wilhelm (Wilhelm II) was the last German Emperor and King of Prussia. He is particularly remembered for consolidating power in Germany, leading the country to become a world power. His reign began on June 1888, and lasted until his abdication in 1918, shortly after the end of World War I.
Wilhelm II was the eldest grandchild of Queen Victoria. He was first cousin of King George V of the United Kingdom and Nicholas II of Russia, as well as many other princes and princesses of the time.
