Answer:
The answer is exogenous/non-self signals.
Explanation:
- All types of stimuli that trigger certain responses from cells are broadly classified into two categories:
- Self/ Endogenous Ligands
A ligand is a carrier molecule that can binds to a stimulus, thus, producing a signaling molecule. Ligands bind to specific receptors in or the surface of the cell.
Self/endogenous signals are signaling molecules produced by the body itself. They are part of normal cellular communication.
2. Non-self/Exogenous Ligands:
These are signals produced by a foreign source such as a pathogen or a drug administered into the body. Basically, any signal that is foreign to the body and not produced by the body itself are exogenous ligands. Exogenous ligands elicit an immune or allergic response in the body. When identified, these ligands and their source is attacked by the immune system.
It is the biosphere, which is all the ecosystems of the earth
In biosphere, it is the total organismic life and their entire species on which how they interact with the co-organisms. While biodiversity, is the different and varied living organisms and creatures across the ecosystem or the biosphere, on which is the composed the biotic environment. This may include now the hierarchy and organization among the species of the autotrophs and heterotrophs.<span> </span>
B.
Groups of similar cells that do a particular job.
Answer:
Use of pesticides (particularly insecticides), urbanization, industrialization, newly introduced species, and climate change.
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