Ans: Russo-Japanese War, (1904–05), military conflict in which a victorious Japan forced Russia to abandon its expansionist policy in East Asia, thereby becoming the first Asian power in modern times to defeat a European power.
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Answer:
Explanati1. International: struggle for hegemony and Empire outstrips the fiscal resources of the state
2. Political conflict: conflict between the Monarchy and the nobility over the “reform” of the tax system led to paralysis and bankruptcy.
3. The Enlightenment: impulse for reform intensifies political conflicts; reinforces traditional aristocratic constitutionalism, one variant of which was laid out in Montequieu’s Spirit of the Laws; introduces new notions of good government, the most radical being popular sovereignty, as in Rousseau’s Social Contract [1762]; the attack on the regime and privileged class by the Literary Underground of “Grub Street;” the broadening influence of public opinion.
4. Social antagonisms between two rising groups: the aristocracy and the bourgeoisie
5. Ineffective ruler: Louis XVI
6. Economic hardship, especially the agrarian crisis of 1788-89 generates popular discontent and disorders caused by food shortages.
The first American mill to carry on the processes of spinning and weaving under a single roof was located in <u>Waltham, Massachusetts.</u>
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The Waltham Mill was the first mill in the United States that served the purpose of processing raw cotton into finished cloth in one process and this all was done under one roof with the help of the water-driven power loom that the mill had. This was the apparatus used to weave yarn or thread into finished cloth.
Francis Cabot Lowell was the one who build this Lowell system, which came as a labor production model. He built it in Massachusetts in the nineteenth century.
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