<h2>DNA </h2>
Explanation:
1) Experiment done by Griffith:
- Griffith used two related strains of bacteria, known as R and S
- R bacteria were nonvirulent, meaning that they did not cause sickness when injected into a mouse whereas mice injected with live S bacteria developed pneumonia and died
- Griffith tried injecting mice with heat-killed S bacteria (that is, S bacteria that had been heated to high temperatures, causing the cells to die), the heat-killed S bacteria did not cause disease in mice
- When harmless R bacteria were combined with harmless heat-killed S bacteria and injected into a mouse, not only did the mouse developed disease and died, but when Griffith took a blood sample from the dead mouse, he found that it contained living S bacteria
- Griffith concluded that the R-strain bacteria must have taken up what he called a transforming principle from the heat-killed S bacteria, which allowed them to transform into smooth-coated bacteria and become virulent
2) Experiment done by Avery:
- Avery, McCarty and MacLeod set out to identify Griffith's transforming principle
- They began with large cultures of heat-killed S cells and, through a long series of biochemical steps progressively purified the transforming principle by washing away, separating out, or enzymatically destroying the other cellular components
- These results all pointed to DNA as the likely transforming principle but Avery was cautious in interpreting his results
- He realized that it was still possible that some contaminating substance present in small amounts, not DNA, was the actual transforming principle
3) Experiment done by Hershey and Chase:
- Hershey and Chase studied bacteriophage, or viruses that attack bacteria
- The phages they used were simple particles composed of protein and DNA, with the outer structures made of protein and the inner core consisting of DNA
- Hershey and Chase concluded that DNA, not protein, was injected into host cells and made up the genetic material of the phage
<span>First determining if the cells in the tumor have common and the unique genetic and biochemical marker and if they are present, that would clearly mean that they all were created from a initially mutated cell and formed the marker and these are considered as monoclonal. If that is not the case and cells do not have a common origin, these are called as polyclonal.</span>
A strong incentive affects the Kendall's hunger drive.
<u>Explanation:</u>
Kendall was waiting in a line at a local coffee shop. She already had her breakfast for the day. The aroma of freshly baked bagels and muffins began to increase her hunger. Kendall faced a strong incentive affecting the hunger drive.
Imbalance of hormones like leptin and serotonin causes food cravings. After food consumption, endorphins gets released into the body. This is the reason for food craving and sometimes leads to addiction.
Answer:
Primary consumers
They eat the majority of prey
