Answer:
The autonomic nervous system is the main neural regulator of circulation and blood pressure in the short term and beat by beat and exerts its function through various reflexes that regulate vasomotor tone, heart rate and cardiac output. At the renal level, the renin–angiotensin–aldosterone system is possibly the most important in the maintenance of arterial homeostasis.
Explanation:
Blood pressure is regulated by a series of interrelated autonomic systems and humoral reflexes, which continually adjust the determining elements of the system (heart rate, stroke volume, total peripheral resistance and circulating volume).The effective circulating volume is controlled by a series of reflex systems, which obtain information about the perfusion pressure (baroreceptors in the carotid bulb and aortic arch), plasma osmolarity (hypothalamus) and urinary sodium (distal tubule).The kidney has its own self-regulatory mechanisms. The reduction in renal blood flow is detected at the level of the mesangial cells of the juxtaglomerular apparatus, starting the renin-angiotensin system. The increase in angiotensin II produces on the one hand local vasoconstriction, and on the other hand stimulates the production of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex with the consequent tubular reabsorption of sodium and water.Antidiuretic hormone or vasopressin (released from the hypothalamus by stimulation of arterial baroreceptors and also by stimulation of angiotensin II) also acts at the renal level, which acts as a powerful and water-saving vasoconstrictor in the distal tubule.
Answer:
Atmosphere and geosphere is the part of the earth which is utilized in the nitrogen cycle.
Explanation:
In nitrogen cycle, the nitrogen which is present in the atmosphere comes down to the earth surface through rainfall. This nitrogen is absorbed by the earth and taken by roots of plants. Some amount of nitrogen is taken by many bacteria such as denitrifying bacteria which converts the soil nitrogen into atmospheric nitrogen and the nitrogen goes again to the atmosphere.
Answer:
the answer is F oxygenated blood circulates back into the heart and is then pumped to all parts of the body through the arteries
