It is true that written accounts, objects and buildings are some examples of the types of evidence that allow archaeologists to study the past. In fact, archaeology is the branch of knowledge that studies human activity through such artifacts, known as "material culture." The examination of such items allow archaeologists to understand how different people interacted with their environment and with each other in the past.
The wall came down partly because of a bureaucratic accident but it fell amid a wave of revolutions that left the Soviet-led communist bloc teetering on the brink of collapse and helped define a new world order.
The Scientific Revolution changed the ways of thinking because it changed the way we understood about the things around us, such as outer space, the enviroment, etc.