Answer:
The goal of transcription is to make a RNA copy of a gene's DNA sequence. For a protein-coding gene, the RNA copy, or transcript, carries the information needed to build a polypeptide (protein or protein subunit). Eukaryotic transcripts need to go through some processing steps before translation into proteins.
Explanation:
Stretching of the atrial muscle cells releases a hormone called atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). ANF relaxes the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells of the afferent arteriole and thereby increases GFR and urine output.
Answer:
a. True
Explanation:
Ribosomes are ribonucleoprotein complexes composed of RNA and proteins, which have two main roles 1-decode the message of the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule and the formation of peptide bonds in the protein. For this purpose, each triplet of nucleotide bases or 'codon' in the mRNA sequence is used to assemble specific amino acids in the nascent polypeptide chain. Although different, both prokaryotic ribosomes and eukaryotic ribosomes are composed of two subunits: one small subunit that decodes the mRNA into a specific amino acid chain, and one large subunit that forms the peptide bonds in the polypeptide chain. Each ribosomal subunit is in turn composed of ribosomal RNAs and proteins. These ribosomal RNAs act as scaffolds by combining with proteins that assemble into ribosomes (i.e., small and large ribosome subunits).
