Marcus Garvey, a Jamaican immigrant, was motivated by a sense of racial identity and pride to form his philosophy. He fostered a new interest in African heritage. He was the leader of the back-to-Africa movement, which inspired African Americans to be proud of their heritage and to encourage people of African descent to return to the homeland of their ancestors.
Sever loss of infrastructure, loss of factories to produce goods and debts caused by the wars led to a huge downturn in rebuilding efforts after World War 1.
