Elite groups accumulated wealth which then created more hierarchical social structures that enabled patriarchy to take hold. In pastoralist societies, the hunter-gatherer lifestyle made the male gender more responsible for daily sustenance. In agrarian societies, agricultural work was also more a male task which further promoted patriarchal social organization.
They are financial aid and land grants from the government. Railroad executives made the argument that their companies should receive free public land on which to lay track because a rail network connecting East and West would bring important benefits to the entire nation.